In this unique comparative study of widows' welfare and family economy, Jay Kleinberg examines the role of children in society and the development of social welfare policy for widows. In the border city of Baltimore, which had a large African American population and a diverse economy that relied on inexpensive child and female labor, funds for public services were limited, and African Americans tended to establish their own charitable institutions. Prayers for widows and orphans (40 Prayer Giants) (Volume 37) Madueke, Prayer M. In Pittsburgh, where few jobs were available for women or children-and where jobs for men were in "widowmaking" industries such as steel and railroading-the city's charitable establishments were more sympathetic. He executes justice for the fatherless and the widow, and loves the sojourner, giving him food and clothing. _x000B_In Fall River, Massachusetts, employment was regarded as the solution to widows' poverty, so public charitable expenditure was drastically limited. The Lord is a stronghold for the oppressed, a stronghold in times of trouble. Widows and Orphans First investigates the importance of local economies and values in the origins of the welfare state through an exploration of widows' lives in three industrial American cities with widely differing economic, ethnic, and racial bases.
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